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l BRICK 0R TILE AND MOLD POE ITS MANUFAGI'URE. No. 261,364. Patented July 18.1882.

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BRICK 0R TILE AND MOLD POR ITSv MANUFAGTURB.;

No, 2611.364.. Patented @1113.48.82-

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SANFORD E. LORING, OF OASTLETON, VERMONT.

BRICK ORTlLE-AND MOLD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 261,364,dated July 18, 1882r Application filed October 29, 1881.

enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and

' to letters or figures ot' reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specilication.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a brick or tile which, while possessing the ordinary thickness at its margin or edges, shall be reduced in thickness by means of ,a depression in one side, which shall be of such extent as to materially lessen its weight, this depression serving also to accelerate and enhance the burning or baking of said tiles or bricks. l

My invention is applicable generally to tiles or bricks composed of a spongeous,penetrable character shown in 1 Letters Patent of the United States issued to myself on the 27th day of October, 1874, or tothe ordinary clay brick of commerce.

The drawings accompanying this specification represent in Figures 1 and 2 sections of molds for producing my. bricks or tiles; Fig. 3, a view of an ordinary brick-mold provided with means for carrying out my improvement. Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent top. perspective views of different forms of bricksor tiles madeaccording to my invention. Fig. 9 represents a bottom .perspective view of another form ot' brick or tile made according to my invention. Fig. 10 represents in detail a part of a mold for forming the same containing grooves i. Fig. 1,1 represents in detail perspective the former of a mold, which is adapted to make the depression shown in Fig. 9. Figs. 12 and 13 represent perspective views of large tiles having several depressions. Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 are vertical sections taken through different forms of tiles or bricks made according to my invention.

(No model.)

In manufacturing my tiles or bricks, which require considerable pressure, any ordinary brick-press may be employed, and molds and plunger of the requisite size and form are to be added thereto. For instance, in Fig. 2 of the drawings I have shown a mold which is to be applied to a. brick-press, and in which the molding-chamber is shown at B as open extends downward through the"bore e of said block, and is enveloped below the latter by a coiled spring, f, which exerts its stress against the under side of said block to crowd the latter upward. The upper part of the blockD presses the margin of ,the under side of the brick or tile, while the upper part or swell, h, of the plunger c effects/ the depression g in the center of said brick or tile, as shown in Figs. 4and5 ofthe drawings. Consequently the configuration of the top ot' the plunger is to be of the form to be imparted to such depression.

The form of the mold B and plunger-block D in cross-section is to be such as is desired to produce any given brick or tile, whether square, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, or oblong, as shown in Fig. 5, or such other shapes as taste or circumstances may dictate.

The bricks or tiles, especially tiles, which I propose to manufacture under this method may be produced in great variety as regards ornamental forms and condgurations, and in addition to the lightness imparted to them by the depression g may be made a subject of ornament, as shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings the parts of the mold are transposed-that is, the swell h, which eifects the depression in the tile, is

shown as formed upon the under side of the.

cap or head O of the mold, while the upper surface of the pressure-block D is dat and lls the mold.

IOO

It is important or desirable when manufacturingtiles in the manner shown that the thickness of such tiles shall be uniform. Hence the block D is formed to bring up solidly against the bottom of the chamber B, while the bottom of the cap or head C bears with equal firmness upon the top ofthe walls of the chamber B. For this reason it is important that some means of escape for the surplus or excess of material be provided. As one means of permitting` of this I propose to employ channels or passages t' t', &c., leading from the molding-chamber. These passages may be located at any convenient point. They may be in the upper edges ofthe mold-box, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and l0, or on the edges of the pressureblock or plunger, as shown in Figs. 1 and 8, or may be formed vertically through the latter, as shown in said Fig. 1.

I also propose in some instances to reduce the upper edges of the walls of the chamber B to a knife-edge, as shown atm in Fig. 2 of the drawings, and create passages through the adjacent parts of the mold to permit of escape of excess of material passing through such knife-edge. rIhis sharp edge serves to prevent accumulation of material between the walls of the chamber B and the under side of the cap C.

I also propose for some uses to form vertical grooves a a, &c., in the edges of the brick or tile, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings, and to effect these splines or ribs are to be formed upon the inner walls of the moldingchamber B. These grooves permit of passage of heat when the bricks are being burned in a kiln, thereby obtaining a more uniform and perfect baking of 'such brick and in less time than heretofore.

In Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings I have shown a hand brick-mold for producing the ordinary clay brick, this mold being of the usual construction, except that I add to the bottom of each of its cells or pockets k a raised projection or swell of form of the depression lobe made in the brick. As the clayis molded the projection h effects the depression in the bottom of the brick, and this remains while the brick is being baked.

A tile having an ornamental depression, as shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, will be found very desirable for the ceilings, and, in some instances, walls of apartments, in the walls and mantels, panels of lire-places, and in other localities, and, in lieu of adding to the expense of a tile, will reduce it, as it requires less material.

As a small portion ot' the material ofthe tiles or bricks might be forced into the recess in the upper part of the block D before the plunger o rises, and thereby prevent ascent of such plunger, I form in the bore c of the said block longitudinal grooves or passages to permit of escape of such small amount of material as might ind its way into said recess.

I also propose in some instances to connect a steam-pipe with the interior of the chamber B to lubricate the parts and permit ot' ready removal of the tile.

In Figs. 13 to 20, inclusive, of the drawings I have shown various forms of tiles of which my invention is susceptible.

In large tiles it is advisable to make a series of depressions separated by ridges running across the middle part ofthe tile, as shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 of the drawings.

I claim- 1. A mold-box having a beveled cuttingedge, m, and pockets or outlets, substantially as set forth.

2. A mold-box having a beveled cuttingedge, m, grooves t', and adjacent pockets or outlets, substantially as set forth.

3. A brick or tile having one side even and the other side constructed with a depression or depressions, surrounded bya rim at all parts of the edge thereof, and with its edges rabbeted, beveled, channeled, notched, or otherwise formed for the purpose of receiving mortar or cement to eiicct a more perfect joint.

4. A brick or tile having one side even and the other side constructed with a depression or depressions, surrounded by a rim at all parts of the edge thereof, and provided with a depression and an orifice approximately near the center for the purpose ot receiving a bolt or screw and washer to secure said tile.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence ot' two witnesses.

SANFORD E. LORING.

Witnesses:

H. E. LODGE, F. CURTIS. 

